Compilation··3:28·Algebraic and complex geometry
Kobayashi's Ampleness Conjecture, Kuznetsov Conjecture, Virasoro Conjecture and 7 More
Watch on YouTubeAbout the problem →
About this video
10 results from OpenAI's public mathematics catalogue, one per chapter. Each chapter names the problem, shows the real objects, and states what OpenAI claims; none of it is peer reviewed yet.
Chapters:
0:00 Griffiths' Positivity Conjecture
0:21 Kobayashi's Ampleness Conjecture
0:42 Kuznetsov Conjecture
1:03 Toda's Gepner Conjecture
1:24 Zariski's Multiplicity Conjecture
1:44 Global Spherical Shell Conjecture
2:04 LeBrun–Salamon Conjecture
2:26 Generalized Mukai Conjecture
2:47 The Mu-Constant Problem for Surfaces
3:07 Virasoro Conjecture
Griffiths' Positivity Conjecture: In 1969 Phillip Griffiths conjectured that every ample vector bundle carries a smooth Hermitian metric with Griffiths-positive curvature, so that the algebraic…
Explained: gradientdamage.com/p/050
Paper: github.com/openai/math/blob/main/preprints/ample-rank-two-bun…
Kobayashi's Ampleness Conjecture: An entire curve is a copy of the whole complex plane mapped holomorphically into a shape: the sphere and the torus have them, a two-holed surface has none, and…
Explained: gradientdamage.com/p/051
Paper: github.com/openai/math/blob/main/preprints/Canonical-amplenes…
Kuznetsov Conjecture: Every smooth cubic surface can be unfolded onto a plane (it is rational), but whether cubic fourfolds are rational has been open for decades.
Explained: gradientdamage.com/p/054
Paper: github.com/openai/math/blob/main/preprints/Irrational-cubic-f…
Toda's Gepner Conjecture: The quintic threefold is the classic Calabi–Yau shape of string theory; the animation shows the standard 2D slice of the Fermat quintic.
Explained: gradientdamage.com/p/055
Paper: github.com/openai/math/blob/main/preprints/A-Gepner-stability…
Zariski's Multiplicity Conjecture: The multiplicity of a singular point is how many times a generic line through it meets the shape; Zariski asked in 1971 whether two complex hypersurface…
Explained: gradientdamage.com/p/059
Paper: github.com/openai/math/blob/main/preprints/Ambiently-homeomor…
Global Spherical Shell Conjecture: Class VII surfaces are the mysterious compact complex surfaces left over in the Enriques–Kodaira classification.
Explained: gradientdamage.com/p/060
Paper: github.com/openai/math/blob/main/preprints/Global-Spherical-S…
LeBrun–Salamon Conjecture: The LeBrun–Salamon conjecture (1994) says that every closed positive quaternionic-Kähler manifold is one of the symmetric Wolf spaces, which correspond one to…
Explained: gradientdamage.com/p/062
Paper: github.com/openai/math/blob/main/preprints/Contact-Fano-manif…
Generalized Mukai Conjecture: The generalized Mukai conjecture says that a smooth Fano manifold of dimension n, Picard number ρ and pseudoindex ι (the least anticanonical degree of a…
Explained: gradientdamage.com/p/063
Paper: github.com/openai/math/blob/main/preprints/The-Generalized-Mu…
The Mu-Constant Problem for Surfaces: A singular surface in three complex dimensions has a Milnor number, a count of how badly it is singular at a point.
Explained: gradientdamage.com/p/064
Paper: github.com/openai/math/blob/main/preprints/Topological-trivia…
Virasoro Conjecture: Gromov–Witten theory counts curves on a space in every genus, and the Virasoro conjecture says all those counts obey one infinite family of rules, the Virasoro…
Explained: gradientdamage.com/p/065
Paper: github.com/openai/math/blob/main/preprints/Virasoro-Constrain…
The animations illustrate the results; they are not proofs.
Gradient Damage: mathematics you can see, equations you can hear.
youtube.com/@gradientdamage
Chapters
One problem per chapter. Each name links to the result's own page, each time to that moment on YouTube.
- Griffiths' Positivity Conjecture Algebraic and complex geometry
- Kobayashi's Ampleness Conjecture Algebraic and complex geometry
- Kuznetsov Conjecture Algebraic and complex geometry
- Toda's Gepner Conjecture Algebraic and complex geometry
- Zariski's Multiplicity Conjecture Algebraic and complex geometry
- Global Spherical Shell Conjecture Algebraic and complex geometry
- LeBrun–Salamon Conjecture Algebraic and complex geometry
- Generalized Mukai Conjecture Algebraic and complex geometry
- The Mu-Constant Problem for Surfaces Algebraic and complex geometry
- Virasoro Conjecture Algebraic and complex geometry
Chapter 1: about the problem
Algebraic and complex geometry·OpenAI Math·Result 050
A counterexample to Griffiths’ positivity conjecture
Constructs ample rank-two bundles on ℙ1×ℙ1 with no smooth Hermitian metric of strictly Griffiths-positive curvature, disproving Griffiths' positivity conjecture already on the quadric surface. (Lean)
Chapter 2: about the problem
Algebraic and complex geometry·OpenAI Math·Result 051·from 0:21
Kobayashi’s canonical-ampleness conjecture
Every compact connected Kähler manifold of positive complex dimension with no nonconstant entire curve has ample canonical bundle and is therefore projective. This proves Kobayashi's canonical-ampleness conjecture in the smooth compact Kähler setting.
Chapter 3: about the problem
Algebraic and complex geometry·OpenAI Math·Result 054·from 0:42
Irrational cubic fourfolds with Hodge-theoretic and categorical K3 associations
For every sufficiently large admissible Hassett discriminant, a very general smooth complex cubic fourfold is irrational despite having both an untwisted geometric K3 category and an integral Hodge-theoretic K3 association. This disproves Kuznetsov's rationality conjecture and the sufficiency of the associated-K3 criterion for rationality; the discriminant threshold is ineffective.
Chapter 4: about the problem
Algebraic and complex geometry·OpenAI Math·Result 055·from 1:03
Gepner symmetry and large-volume stability on threefolds
Proves Toda's Gepner conjecture for every smooth complex quintic threefold, constructing a numerical Bridgeland stability condition with the prescribed phase shift 2/5. Also constructs numerical Bridgeland stability conditions at every sufficiently large volume on all smooth projective complex threefolds with trivial canonical bundle, with the exact ordinary and square-root-Todd central charges.
Chapter 5: about the problem
Algebraic and complex geometry·OpenAI Math·Result 059·from 1:24
Counterexamples to Zariski’s multiplicity conjecture
Disproves Zariski's multiplicity conjecture by constructing reduced holomorphic hypersurface germs that are ambiently homeomorphic but have different multiplicities. The examples include hypersurfaces in ℂ4 with isolated critical points and multiplicities four and five.
Chapter 6: about the problem
Algebraic and complex geometry·OpenAI Math·Result 060·from 1:44
The Global Spherical Shell conjecture
Every connected minimal compact complex surface of class VII with b2 > 0 contains a global spherical shell, proving the positive-b2 Global Spherical Shell conjecture. Such a shell is a holomorphically embedded neighborhood of the standard three-sphere in ℂ2∖{0} whose complement is connected.
Chapter 7: about the problem
Algebraic and complex geometry·OpenAI Math·Result 062·from 2:04
Projective contact classification and the LeBrun–Salamon conjecture
Proves the LeBrun–Salamon conjecture: every closed connected positive quaternionic-Kähler manifold of real dimension at least eight is homothetic to a compact symmetric Wolf space. It also proves contact-Fano homogeneity and classifies smooth connected complex projective contact manifolds of complex dimension at least three: those with b2=1 are adjoint varieties with their canonical contact structures, while those with b2 ≥ 2 have underlying manifold ℙ(T*Z) for a smooth projective variety Z.
Chapter 8: about the problem
Algebraic and complex geometry·OpenAI Math·Result 063·from 2:26
The generalized Mukai conjecture
Proves the generalized Mukai conjecture: every positive-dimensional smooth complex projective Fano manifold of dimension n, Picard number ρ and pseudoindex ι satisfies ρ(ι-1) ≤ n, with equality exactly for (ℙι-1)ρ. Here the pseudoindex is the least anticanonical degree of a rational curve.
Chapter 9: about the problem
Algebraic and complex geometry·OpenAI Math·Result 064·from 2:47
Topological triviality of μ-constant surface singularities
Proves topological right-triviality for every holomorphic one-parameter family of isolated hypersurface singularities in ℂ3 with constant Milnor number, resolving the surface case of the μ-constant problem. After shrinking the parameter disk and representatives, ambient homeomorphisms vary jointly continuously, fix the origin section and preserve the defining functions.
Chapter 10: about the problem
Algebraic and complex geometry·OpenAI Math·Result 065·from 3:07
Virasoro constraints for complete intersections and projective-bundle towers
Proves the full ordinary unreduced descendant Virasoro conjecture for smooth complete intersections in complex projective space, in every genus and curve class with arbitrary cohomology insertions. The constraints also pass from any smooth projective complex base satisfying them to the projectivization of every algebraic vector bundle of rank at least two, and hence to projective-bundle towers.
Topics
Griffiths conjectureKobayashi conjecturecubic fourfoldsGepner conjectureZariski multiplicity conjectureglobal spherical shell conjectureLeBrun-Salamon conjectureMukai conjecturemu-constant problemVirasoro conjectureAlgebraic and complex geometryOpenAI mathAI proofAI mathematicsmathsGradient Damage