A quasilinear PCP theorem for PPAD

What OpenAI claims

Resolves the quasilinear PCP-for-PPAD conjecture. An End-of-Line instance of length N reduces to numerical circuit constraints of total length N(log N)^O(1) such that any polynomially encoded rational assignment satisfying all but a fixed fraction to fixed accuracy yields an endpoint solution. Such assignments always exist, giving robust local verification with only quasilinear size overhead.

Paper

1. The PCP-for-PPAD conjecture: a quasilinear reduction

   25 September 2026 · Preprint, not peer reviewed · PDF

   OpenAI's abstract We prove the quasilinear-size PCP-for-PPAD conjecture of Babichenko, Papadimitriou, and Rubinstein. There are fixed positive rational constants ε and δ and a deterministic polynomial-time reduction that transforms an End-of-Line instance of binary length N into a generalized circuit of total binary length N(log N)^O(1). From any rational assignment of polynomial encoding length that ε-satisfies all but a δ fraction of the gates, a solution to the original End-of-Line instance can be recovered in polynomial time, regardless of which gates fail. Such assignments always exist, with one fixed polynomial bound on their encoding length.

Status

Preprint. The paper has not been independently reviewed. Treat the result as OpenAI's claim until other mathematicians have checked it. If a video exists, it illustrates the statement; it is not the proof.