The exact factor-of-IID threshold for free Ising spins on trees

What OpenAI claims

Determines when the free zero-field ferromagnetic Ising state on the infinite d-regular tree is a factor of independent vertex labels: exactly when tanh β ≤ (d-1)^-1/2, including equality, for d ≥ 3 and β ≥ 0. The construction uses no root and is almost surely equivariant for each fixed tree automorphism, resolving the ferromagnetic case of Lyons's question. (Lean)

Paper

1. The sharp factor-of-IID threshold for the free Ising model on regular trees

   26 September 2026 · Preprint, not peer reviewed · PDF

   OpenAI's abstract For every integer d ≥ 3 and inverse temperature β ≥ 0, the free zero-field ferromagnetic Ising measure on the infinite d-regular tree is a factor of IID exactly when tanh β ≤ (d-1)^-1/2. We prove the positive implication, including equality, resolving the conjecture of Nam, Sly and Zhang; the strict converse is known. The spin factor can be chosen to commute with every tree automorphism on every label input.

Status

Preprint. The paper has not been independently reviewed. Treat the result as OpenAI's claim until other mathematicians have checked it. If a video exists, it illustrates the statement; it is not the proof.